Explore the Product Pipeline

Clinical trials are divided into four sequential phases. Phase 1 studies help scientists understand the safety and correct dosing of an investigational medicine or vaccine. Phase 2 studies gather more information about safety and begin to understand how well a study treatment or vaccine works (efficacy). Phase 3 studies focus on safety, efficacy, and dosing in preparation for regulatory approval. Phase 4—which is not reflected in the Product Pipeline--continues to monitor and collect data after a medicine or vaccine has been approved for use.

Phase 1 asks the questions “Is an investigational drug or vaccine safe?” and “What is the correct dose?” Typically, these studies are done with a small group of healthy volunteers. But for some investigational therapies, such as those for cancer, the study is done with patients who have the condition the drug is targeted to treat. In this stage, somewhat limited information is available about an investigational drug or vaccine. Scientists may still be gathering information about which specific disease to target with the investigational medicine. Industry-wide, only 10% of Phase 1 candidates will make it to approval. On average, it takes 10 years to move from Phase 1 to regulatory approval.

Phase 2 asks the questions “Does this investigational medicine or vaccine work in the disease that’s targeted?” and “Are there any side effects that may occur?” These studies are done with a larger group of people—as many as several hundred participants—who have the condition the drug or vaccine is intended to treat. These studies last several months to a few years. Phase 2 is often considered the steepest hurdle in clinical development. Some 70% of Phase 2 candidates industry-wide fail in this stage.

Phase 3 studies ask “How safe and effective the investigational drug or vaccine is for people with the condition and also sees if it works compared to a placebo or what else is currently available. Phase 3 studies seek to find out how safe and effective the investigational drug or vaccine is for people with the condition, and also if it works compared to a placebo or something else currently available. This phase usually signifies when an investigational medicine or vaccine may be two to three years from approval, subject to clinical trial and regulatory success.

After Phase 3, if the clinical trial data supports it, an extensive data package is submitted to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and other regulatory authorities for review. This review process typically takes a year.

Our key areas of research, bucketed by disease type, biology area, or therapy type.

This Area of Focus specializes in therapies that target infectious diseases, which continue to be one of the biggest public health concerns around the world. Since our pioneering work on penicillin in the 1940s, we have a strong history of addressing this evolving risk.

This Area of Focus specializes in therapies that target diseases referred to as “rare” due to the smaller size of individual patient populations. Rare diseases are still collectively common and their burden on society is staggering.

This Area of Focus specializes in therapies that target chronic inflammatory diseases by treating them at the molecular level, and not just by relieving symptoms.

This Area of Focus specializes in therapies that target cardiovascular (heart) and metabolic diseases, which are the number one cause of death worldwide. The development of these potential therapies aim to treat or prevent disease progression and improve the quality of life for patients.

This Area of Focus specializes in therapies that target cancer.

This Area of Focus specializes in therapies that can stop a virus or bacterium before it can infect someone. Vaccines can give your body ways to identify an infecting agent, and instructions on how to defeat it—and potentially, to avoid infecting others.

The FDA, the European Medicines Agency (EMA), and other regulatory agencies around the globe have different application requirements depending on the type of investigational medicine or vaccine.

A novel compound that has never been approved by a pharmaceutical regulatory agency (e.g., the FDA).

An approved or investigational drug that is being tested to potentially treat another related condition. For example, drugs approved for the treatment of one type of cancer may be tested to see if they are potentially effective across another type of cancer.

The types of medicines that we’re currently developing.

A type of medicine made from biological sources, such as living cells. Some of the more well-known biologics treat autoimmune conditions.

Medicines made from chemical compounds and manufactured by chemical synthesis. These are generally in pill form.

A biological substance that stimulates an immune response against a disease. They’re usually given by injections.

Designation of whether a project is “current” or “discontinued.”

An investigational drug or vaccine that is currently being evaluated in clinical trials.

When an investigational drug or vaccine shows an unacceptable safety/tolerability profile or lack of efficacy, or for other reasons, the clinical development program can be stopped. This entry will then be removed from the pipeline.